What is an operator?
An operator is a character that represents an action.
What is an operator in java ?
Operators are termed as special symbols that perform specific operations on one, two, or three operands, and then returns the result.
What are the types of operators ?
there are 8 types of operators in java
- Arithmetic Operators
- Unary Operators
- Relational Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Ternary Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Shift Operator
- Boolean Operator
1. Arithmetic operators
What is an arithmetic operator ?
Java supports various arithmetic operations such as Addition / subtraction / multiplication / division
1.Addition :
Addition of two numbers is done by Addition operator “+”
Example 1 :
public class AdditionEg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
int c = a+b; // Addition operator
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+ b);
System.out.println("The addition value of c = "+c);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of a = 10
The addition value of c = 30
2. Subtraction :
Subtraction of two numbers is done by Subtraction operator “-” .
Example 1:
public class SubtractEg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int c = a-b; // Subtraction operator
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+ b);
System.out.println("The subtracted value of c = "+c);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 5
The addition value of c = 5
3. Multiplication :
Multiplication of two numbers is done by Multiplication operator “*” .
Example 1 :
public class MultiplyEg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int c = a*b; // Multiplication operator
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+ b);
System.out.println("The multiply value of c = "+c);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 5
The addition value of c = 50
4. Division :
Division of two numbers is done by Division operator “/” .
Example 1 :
public class DivisionEg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int c = a/b; // Division operator
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+ b);
System.out.println("The division value of c = "+c);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 5
The addition value of c = 2
2. Unary Operators
What is unary operators ?
These operators requires only one operand to perform different kind of operations such as increasing/decreasing a value, negating an expression, or inverting a boolean value.
1. Unary plus operator:
Example 1 :
public class Eg1{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = +1;
System.out.println("The value of a = " + a);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 1
2. Unary minus operator:
This will negates the value, example shown below.
Example 1 :
public class Eg1{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = -1;
System.out.println("The value of a = " + a);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = -1
3. Unary Increment operator :
++ is the increment operator, this can be added in prefix or postfix of the variable.
++ is the increment operator, this can be added in prefix or postfix of the variable.
Example 1 :
public class Eg1{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
System.out.println("The value of a = " + a);
a = ++a;
System.out.println("The value of a = " + a);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of a = 11
4. Unary Decrement operator :
— is the decrement operator, this can be added in prefix or postfix of the variable.
if — operator is used by default 1 will be subtracted to the actual value of the variable.
Example 1 :
public class Eg1{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
System.out.println("The value of a = " + a);
a = --a;
System.out.println("The value of a = " + a);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of a = 9
5. Unary Logical complement operator :
This “!” operator inverts the value of a boolean
Example 1 :
public class Eg1{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean success = true;
System.out.println("The value of success = " + success);
System.out.println("The inverted value of success = " + !success);
}
}
Output :
The value of success = true
The inverted value of success = false
3. Relational Operators
What is Relational Operators in Java ?
Java has six relational operators that compare two variables and return a boolean value.
1. Equal to (==)
This checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("The value of a == b = " + (a == b) );
}
}
Output :
The value of a == b = false
2. Not equal to (!=)
This checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("The value of a != b = " + (a != b) );
}
}
Output :
The value of a != b = true
3. Greater than (>)
This checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("The value of a > b = " + (a > b) );
}
}
Output :
The value of a > b = false
4. Less than (<)
This checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("The value of a < b = " + (a < b) );
}
}
Output :
The value of a < b = true
5. Greater than or equal to (>=)
This checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("The value of a >= b = " + (a >= b) );
}
}
Output :
The value of a >= b = false
6. Less than or equal to (<=)
This checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
System.out.println("The value of a <= b = " + (a <= b) );
}
}
Output :
The value of a <= b = true
4 . Assignment Operators
What is Assignment Operators ?
Assignment operator is used to assign value to a variable.
1. “=” – Assignment Operator
This operator assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.
Example 1 :
class Eg3{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = a;
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 10
2. “+=” – Assignment Operator
It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
Example 1:
class Eg3{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
b += a; // b = b+a
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 30
3. “-=” – Assignment Operator
It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
Example 1 :
class Eg3{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
b -= a; // b = b-a
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 10
4. “*=” – Assignment Operator
It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
Example 1 :
class Eg3{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
b *= a; // b = b*a
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 200
5. “/=” – Assignment Operator
It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand.
Example 1 :
class Eg3{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
b /= a; // b = b/a
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 2
6. “%=” – Assignment Operator
It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.
Example 1 :
class Eg3{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
b %= a; // b = b%a
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of b = 0
5 . Logical Operators
What is logical Operators in java ?
They allow a program to make a decision based on multiple conditions. Each operand is considered a condition that can be evaluated to a true or false value.
1. Logical AND Operator (&&)
If both the operands are non-zero and true, then the condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
System.out.println("The value of a&&b = " + (a&&b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = true
The value of b = false
The value of a&&b = false
2. Logical OR Operator (||)
If any of the two operands are non-zero and true, then the condition becomes true.
Example 1 :
public class Eg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
System.out.println("The value of a||b = " + (a||b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = true
The value of b = false
The value of a||b = true
3. Logical NOT Operator (!)
If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.
Example 1 :
public class Eg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
System.out.println("The value of !(a&&b) = " + !(a&&b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = true
The value of b = false
The value of !(a&&b) = true
Example 2 :
public class Eg{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of b = " +b);
System.out.println("The value of !(a||b) = " + !(a||b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = true
The value of b = false
The value of !(a||b) = false
6. Ternary Operators
What is ternary operators ?
Its is also called as conditional operator, and it takes three arguments.
The first argument is a comparison argument.
The second is the result upon a true comparison.
The third is the result upon a false comparison.
Example 1:
if (expression) {
a = 10;
}
else {
a = -10;
}
Above code can be replaced by
a = (expression) ? expressionTrue : expressinFalse;
Example 2:
public class Eg4{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
String result = (a<20) ? "a less than 20" : "a greater than 20";
System.out.println("The value of a = " +a);
System.out.println("The value of result = " +result);
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 10
The value of result = a less than 20
7 . Bitwise Operators
What is Bitwise operators in Java ?
Bitwise operators operate on individual bits of integer (int and long) values.
Bitwise operators can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte.
1. Bitwise OR (|)
Here is an example for Bitwise OR Operator.
Example 1 :
public class Eg5{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
// decimal value of a = 101
// decimal value of b = 1010
// 00000101
// 00001010
// Applying (|) operator
// 00001111
// Decimal value of 00001111 is 15
System.out.println("The value of a = "+a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+b);
System.out.println("The value of (a|b) = "+(a|b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 5
The value of b = 10
The value of (a|b) = 15
How OR Operator works ?
decimal value of a = 101
decimal value of b = 1010
00000101
00001010
Applying (|) operator
00001111
Decimal value of 00001111 is 15
Thus output is printed as 15.
2. Bitwise AND (&)
Here is an example for Bitwise AND Operator.
Example 1 :
public class Eg5{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
// decimal value of a = 101
// decimal value of b = 1010
// 00000101
// 00001010
// Applying (&) operator
// 00000000
// Decimal value of 00000000 is 0
System.out.println("The value of a = "+a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+b);
System.out.println("The value of (a&b) = "+(a&b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 5
The value of b = 10
The value of (a&b) = 0
How AND Operator works ?
decimal value of a = 101
decimal value of b = 1010
00000101
00001010
Applying (&) operator
00000000
Decimal value of 00000000 is 0
3. Bitwise Complement (~)
Here is an example for Bitwise COMPLIMENT Operator.
Example 1 :
public class Eg5{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
// decimal value of a = 101
// decimal value of b = 1010
// 00000101
// 00001010
// Applying (~) operator
// for a value = -110
// for b value = -1011
// Decimal value of -110 for a = -6
// Decimal value of -1011 for b = -11
System.out.println("The value of a = "+a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+b);
System.out.println("The value of ~a = "+(~a));
System.out.println("The value of ~b = "+(~b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 5
The value of b = 10
The value of ~a = -6
The value of ~b = -11
How COMPLIMENT Operator works ?
decimal value of b = 1010
decimal value of a = 101
00000101
00001010
Applying (~) operator
for a value = -110
for b value = -1011
Decimal value of -110 for a = -6
Decimal value of -1011 for b = -11
4. Bitwise XOR (^)
Here is an example for Bitwise XOR Operator.
Example 1 :
public class Eg5{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
// decimal value of a = 101
// decimal value of b = 1010
// 00000101
// 00001010
// Applying (^) operator
// 00001111
// Decimal value of a^b = 15
System.out.println("The value of a = "+a);
System.out.println("The value of b = "+b);
System.out.println("The value of a^b = "+(a^b));
}
}
Output :
The value of a = 5
The value of b = 10
The value of a^b = 15
How XOR Operator works ?
decimal value of a = 101
decimal value of b = 1010
00000101
00001010
Applying (^) operator
00001111
Decimal value of a^b = 15
8 . Shift Operators
What is Shift Operators ?
Shift operators works on shifting the bits of the left operand by the number of positions specified by the right operand.
The left shift operator shifts bits to the left, and the right shift operator shifts bits to the right.
1. Left Shift Operator ( << )
The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
Example 1 :
public class Eg6{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
System.out.println("Left shift operator value for a = " + (a << 0));
System.out.println("Left shift operator value for a = " + (a << 1));
System.out.println("Left shift operator value for a = " + (a << 2));
System.out.println("Left shift operator value for a = " + (a << 3));
System.out.println("Left shift operator value for a = " + (a << 4));
System.out.println("Left shift operator value for a = " + (a << 5));
}
}
Output :
Left shift operator value for a = 10
Left shift operator value for a = 20
Left shift operator value for a = 40
Left shift operator value for a = 80
Left shift operator value for a = 160
Left shift operator value for a = 320
2. Right Shift Operator ( >> )
The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
Example 1 :
public class Eg6{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
System.out.println("Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >> 0));
System.out.println("Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >> 1));
System.out.println("Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >> 2));
System.out.println("Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >> 3));
System.out.println("Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >> 4));
System.out.println("Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >> 5));
}
}
Output :
Right shift operator value for a = 10
Right shift operator value for a = 5
Right shift operator value for a = 2
Right shift operator value for a = 1
Right shift operator value for a = 0
Right shift operator value for a = 0
3. Zero Fill Right Shift Operator ( >>> )
The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros.
Example 1 :
public class Eg6{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a = 10;
System.out.println("Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >>> 0));
System.out.println("Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >>> 1));
System.out.println("Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >>> 2));
System.out.println("Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >>> 3));
System.out.println("Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >>> 4));
System.out.println("Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = " + (a >>> 5));
}
}
Output :
Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = 10
Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = 5
Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = 2
Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = 1
Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = 0
Zero fill Right shift operator value for a = 0
9.Boolean Operator
What is a boolean operator ?
Boolean is a primitive data-type in Java.
Its a logical operator which returns boolean value. Boolean value is of two choices, It can be either “true” or “false”.
Boolean operators are used to compare the values of two different variables.
the logical operators commonly used to achieve the boolean results is listed below.
1.AND
2.OR
3.XOR
4.NOT
These operators are used in single form or in combined form for comparing the variable values to obtain the boolean result.